


^^^- 









o ^ zm>^y:> zo 
":> ■> :w> mo :£:> 



:oi> ^>j . >z>. ~>5 









3 o:»jfc t^_ 
3 c»> ^— 



:o ^^ Q5>£> >:> :3f»;^> ^ 






^r^ z»3Z> 

'' ':> z>:3' >z> ' 
^ ->3 z>z> 



>::> J> i> z> 
33 ^> 3. 3 



3 3 
^ > 

3» 3|Z> 3 yj^ , 

:> ->:3 z> 3D3 
::> ,^:3 -^ - - 



IlibraryofcojngressJ 






& 









>^z> 

3^''> ^^. 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. J 



-_ — > _3.,:j, , -"- 
3 3..Z3i.:) j -^ 
' ^15>' 3';0-^ ^" 
. 3»~:5 ^y. > ^ 

" . 3 3.^l:o\) 
^3 Z)J' 3 > 

', ^3 31V -D.^ 
33 3» 3 b 

' o>z> 3^* :> :i 

>■ >> 3- > O 

^^3 - Z> O 
>) 3.1- J> 3 

^3^-.._3 ^ 
x>:>i.'- 3 :> 

■ :o^m- ^ 3 

3:35?» i> -> 

?^'Z>Sf 2> 3 
_^'. d3» ;3> '3 

^ ^"^■;^ 3 • 



in 

3 Z> ZJias*-) 
3 3Z>3iK 



3 d3 Z_ 



^3 i> 



j>i» :$> 






3 3> ~S» 

3'^>> : 

3y>n^ ,»■'' 



■:3_Z» 



J^ 


:> >> - 


(^ 


■> <* * 


*:> 


> >> - 




^^.- 


9 


:> >> 


> 


?3 


> > 


>•>> 


» » 


>••> 


» > 


>>> 


» > 






> 


> >^ 


> 
3 


> 

> 
► > 


^•1 


: 


¥ > 




.^ * ■» 




> > 




"S ^> 


, 


> > 




^ "> > 


» 


>^ 




^ ^ > 




>3 




> ^^ 




> > 




> > > 


1 


> 


j 


► :> > 









» > >'> ^> >^ 

> » >> >:j 
» . » :>> >^ 

• . » '^ > > 



^5 2: 






> > > '> 



^"> '. 



>>> ^ > »> 



rii^ 



i ^ '.■.-: 



3 > > 



> > > 

> > > 






:> i> •> 



> > > > 



; \ \ \ \ 





r ^.^ 


r y'^r 


.J 




» >»> 


"^ 


IP* > ' 'J J 


► > ■) ^5^ 


> ^-i> 


' ' ^S 


»» > > > J 


■> > ^^^ 


> •»> 


"y 


9' >>> ^ 


' ' 3^ 


> ^\> 


* ^ ^ 


«* »5 -^ 


> ' ~^^ 


> >•"> 


> ■> • '^ 1 


»^ >>■> ^ 


> > j^^^ 


£mts>:^ 


^ ^ " _ 1 


^ »>'3 


» >^ "^ 


> -p^ 


>> » ^ 


"S' ■>^"> w 


k ) > ^^^ 


^ »1> 


»> >» 


)» >">■> ^ 


b > > ^^fc 


> >"-> 


^r> •» 


)j» . >^:>^ 


^ > ) Jn 


► ^ v> 


T> ■» 


>;• » »">, 


^fc > .> 


► > >> 


y 


1)M. * >»>- 


^te "> "> '^ 


» > •> 


">» 


?iM ► >"»- 


3 :>:>'* 


> > > 


>> ^» 


>^S ^ > ^'> 


3 :> > 


> > ijy 


>3 j>» 


iv ^ ' ^^^ 




S >>:> 


» 




ii9 fc ^ >-I 


» -> •> 




*> >» 


^S ^ • > ' 


^ ^ > 


^ ^ >> 


» ->* 


i)W W ' *- 


> :> :> 


2S ■ ^i> 


» x»> 


iT» » ' 'J 


^ > -> 


•> >> 


>» 



^ > > 



C> o* 



i» ■ 

) > 
> > 

» > 









> 


> 


> •■> > y» 


' ^ 


> 


> 


> » > > >i» 


► 5 !. 


k 


> :3 


» -S !»^ 


">-2 


► 


> 3.> > >3» 


:ll 








> :> > > l^^*' 


^ "^ 




> > 5 ^jm 


► :> > 




> :>.>"> S» 


^ :> > 




> :> ^ ^^ 


>■ > > 


> J 


k .-k "^ '^b -^ 


K "> T> 


» •> ^^ -^.^^ 


► >^ . -' 


4 


► > J > •':*^ 


> i> 




> ^i> S -^^m 


► ">» 




*■ .3 > *> "^^ 


>* - 






">*> - 




* ^y> > >3:» 


■>•> : 




► . > i> S ? ^ ^^ 


•>■> '2 






^> ^ 












■> 



^:i 



> i> 

> !> 

> ? . 



Hi^storical Slvctcl). 



P'IRST FRA «>F SKTTI.KMENT. 

^itllF City of Newbur^h was orij^inallv settled in 
i 1709, by a company of inimij^rants from the Pala- 
tinate of the Rhine. This company, driven from their 
homes by the wars which had deyasted the Pahitinate 
during: the reign of Louis XlV'th, reached London in the 
sprinir of 1708, and were sent to New York by Queen 
Anne in September of that year, under the guaranty of 
()(\. a day per head for twelve mf)nths for their support, 
and a grant of land on which to settle. I'rom New 
York they were removed, in the spring of 1709, to the 
district then described as " Quassek creek and Thans- 
kanier." The descriptive list under which the company 
was naturalized includes the following families and coi>- 
stitutcs substantially the 

^•' 
Jlnilwrijli pirrrtanj for 1700. 

y' I. J«>»lliA KoiKERIllAU iniiu^tci, .ajici 39; hi> wife Sibyllc ( h.irlt>ttc, 

aged 39. and their children, IWnigna Sihyllc, aged 10, Christian Joshu.i, aged 
7, and Susanna Sibyllc, aged 3 year.. 

2. Iz)RK>T7. S<n\vissKR. huslmndman anfl viner, aged 25; his wife, .\nna 
Catharine, aged 26, and their child, Johannes, aged 8 years. 

3. Hkinrich Kknnai". stocking maker and husbandman, aged 24; his 
wife, Joh.inna, aged 26, and their children, I>ircntz, aged 2 years, and Hein- 
rich, aged 5 months. Al.vi, Susanna and Maria Johanna I.ilK>schain, sisters of 
his wife, aged respectively 15 and lo yearn. 

4. Andries Voi,cK, husbandman and viner, aged 30; his wife, AnnaCath- 
anne, aged 27, and their children, Maria Harbara, agetl 5, George and Hier 
onemus, aged 4, and Anna Gertnide, aged i year. 

5. MincAEL Wf.ii;anii, husliandman. aged 52; his wife, Anna Catharine, 

* Kntcred according to Acl of (Congress, in the year 1876, in the office of the 
Librarian of CongrcM al Washington, by E. M. Ruttcnbcr. All rights reserved. 



>\ 



K ~^ 



lO 



CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



aged 54, and their children, Anna Maria, aged 13, Tobias, aged 7, and George, 
aged 5 years. 

6. Jacob Webber, husbandman and viner, aged 30; his wife, Anna Eliza- 
beth, aged 25, and their children. Eve Maria, aged 5, and Eve Elizabeth, aged 
I year. 

7. Johannes Jacob Plettel, husbandman and viner, aged 40; his wife, 
Anna Elizabeth, aged 29, and their children, Margaret, aged 10, Anna Sarah, 
aged 8, and Catharine, aged 3 years. 

8. Johannes Fischer, smith and husbandman, aged 27; his wife, Maria 
Barbara, aged 26, and their son, Andries, aged two weeks. 

9. Melchior Gulch, carpenter, aged 39; his wife, Anna Catharine, aged 
43, and their children-, Anna Catharine, aged 12, and Heinrich, aged 10 years. 

10. Isaac Turck, husbandman, aged 23 years, unmarried. 

11. Peter Rose (or LaRoss), cloth- weaver, aged 34; and his wife, Johan- 
na, aged 37; Mary Wierman, his mother-in-law, aged 45, and Catharine, her 
child, aged 2 years. 

12. Isaac Feber, husbandman and viner, aged 33; his wife, Catharine, 
aged 30, and their son, Abram, aged 2 years. 

13. Daniel Fibre, husbandman, aged 32; his wife, Anna Maria, aged 30, 
and their children, Andrew, aged 7, and Johannes, aged 6 years. 

14. Herman Schuneman, clerk, aged 28, unmarried. 

Total, 53. 

Of their private history nothing is known save the 
statement which they submitted to the English authori- 
ties that they had been reduced to extreme poverty 
" under the calamity which happened last year (1707) in 
the Palatinate by the invasion of the French ;" and the 
report of the officers to whom was submitted their cre- 
dentials, that the testimonials which they had " produced 
under the hands and seals of the ministers, balififs, or 
principal magistrates in the villages where they dwelt," 
gave " good character of the said poor protestants," and 
certified that they had been " reduced to the utmost want 
and had lost all they had by the frequent incursions of 
the French and Germans near Landau." The patent 
which had been promised to them was not immediately 
granted ; when it was issued (1719) several changes had 
occurred in the company. Johannes Jacob Plettel, it 
appears, died on the passage to America, and his widow 
married George Lockstead ; Joshua Kockerthal also 
died ; Peter Rose removed to Pennsylvania and trans- 






HISTORICAL SKETCH. ! I 



ferred his interest to "one Burner Meynders, a black- 
smith ;" Lorcntz Schwisser, Isaac Turck, Hcinrich Kcn- 
nau. and Daniel Ficrc removed elsewhere, and Christian 
Henrickc and Peter Johnson or jansen had been added 
to the c()m[)any. These changes were recognized by 
the government and the patent issued to the then occu- 
pants, viz: " Lot No. I. to Cieorge Lockstead and Anna 
Elizabeth his wife. Margaret. Anna, Sarah, and Catha- 
rine their children. 230 acres- the interest being origin- 
allv held by Johannes Jacob Plettel whose wife and chil- 
dren became his heirs; No. 2. to .Michael Weigand and 
Anna Catharine his wife, and Tobias. George, and Anna 
Maria, their children, 230 acres; No. 3, to Herman 
Schuneman and Rlizabeth his wife, 100 acres; No. 4. to 
Christian lleiiricke. loo acres; No. 5.10 Sibylle Char- 
lotte Kockerthal. the widow of Joshua Kockcrthal, and 
to Christian Joshua, Bcnigna Sibylle, and Susanna 
Sibylle, their children, 250 acres; No. 6, to Burger 
Mcvndcrs, 100 acres; No. 7, to Jacob Webber and 
Anna Elizabeth his wife, and Eve Maria and Eve Eliza- 
beth, their children, 200 acres; No. 8, to Johannes 
Fischer and Maria Barbara his wife, 100 acres; No. 9, 
to Andries Volck and Anna Catharine his wife, and 
George, Ilicronemus, Maria Barbara and Anna Ger- 
trude, their children. 300 acres." These several lots 
adjoined each other, with the exception of a lot of 500 
acres set apart for the support of the minister, which 
was placed between Nos. 5 and 6. The entire settle- 
ment, though generally called the German Patent, was 
nevertheless specifically known and called from the 
special title to the Glebe, "The Palatine Parish by 
Quassaick." Two Palatine families were not included 
in the lots, viz: Melchior Chilch and Peter Johnson; 
they having located their lands further north, received 
separate patents therefor.* 

The locations of the several farms were substantially 

* History of Newburgh, Ii8, etc. 



12 



CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



as follows: They severally ran from Hudson's river one 
mile west. No. i was bounded on the south by Quas- 
saick creek ; No. 2 adjoined it on the north ; and No. 3 
came next immediately south of Western Avenue and 
included the present head-quarters property. No. 4 
was bounded on the south by Western Avenue and on 
the north by First street; No. 5 ran from First street to 
South, and was followed by the Glebe land running from 
South to North street. Nos. 6, 7, 8, and 9 followed in 
succession, carrying the line of the whole to the vicinity 
of the bluff which rises immediately north of Balmville. 
The lots of Melchior Gulch and Peter Johnson were at 
what is now Middlehope. The lots lying south of 
North street now constitute the limits of the city. 

SECOND ERA OF SETTLEMENT. 

The Palatines, under the assistance which was extended 
by the government, cleared and cultivated at least a por- 
tion of their farms; erected a church and maintained 
their settlement for several years. A portion of them, 
however, lured by the promise of better lands and more 
intimate association with those of their own nationality 
elsewhere, or for considerations not stated, sold their 
lands to others. The first sale was by George Lock- 
stead and Michael Weigand, of the whole of lot No. i, 
and half of lot No. 2, to Nathan Smith, a blacksmith, 
from whom the western half of both lots was purchased 
by William Brown an attorney for Governor William 
Burnet, who sold to Alexander Golden ; the latter sub- 
sequently sold to Jonathan Hasbrouck. The eastern 
part of lot No. 2 was sold by Michael Weigand to 
Governor Burnet in the same manner, and by the 
latter to Burger Meynders, who sold the southern half 
of the lot to Alexander Golden, by whom it was con- 
veyed (1753) to Jonathan Hasbrouck. Meynders occu- 
pied the north-eastern part of the lot until 1747, when 
he also sold to Jonathan Hasbrouck, who thus became 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 



>3 



the owner of the largest portion ot lots i and 2. Lot 
No. 3 was sold by Herman Schuncman to Janit-s Alex- 
ander, from whom it was purchased by Alex. Colden 
and Burner Mcyndcrs, except two acres at the north- 
east corner reserved by Alexander. Meyndcrs subse- 
quently sold to Jonathan Hasbrouck.and Colden cut up 
a portion of his share into small lots. Lot No. 4 was 
sold by Christian Henricke to Governor Burnet, from 
whom it was purchased by Cadwallader Colden for 
himself. Jacobus Bruyn. James Alexander, Phineas Mc- 
intosh. Daniel Denton. Michael Dunning^, and Henry 
Wileman. by whom it was divided into lots and became 
known as " 111 K Town of NKWHUK(;n Pi.oT." No. 5, 
granted to the widow and family of Joshua Kockerthal, 
was sold (i74i)to James Smith, who sold one acre in 
the south-cast corner to Alexander Colden ; the remain- 
der descended to Benj. Smith. The Glebe was in part 
divided into acre lots, and rented to strangers and to 
such resident families as could pay a few bushels of 
wheat for the support of the parish minister. Lot No. 
6 was sold by Burger Meynders to Burras Holmes; 
No. 7 to Zacharias Hofman in 1724; Nos. 8 and 9 to 
Hofman in 1722. The changes in the list of original 
settlers, prior to 1729. is shown by the tax-rolls: 



1714-15 

Michael Wcigand, 
Burger Meyndcrs, 
Jacob Webber, 
Peter Rose, 
John Fischer, 
Andries Volck. 
George Lockstead, 
Peter Jansen, 
Henry Rcnnau, 
Melchior Gulch, 
Christian Henricke. 



1717-18 
Michael Weigand, 
Jacob Wcblicr, 
John Fischer. 
Andries Volck. 
Henry Rennau. 
Melchior (iulch. 
Peter Jansen, estate. 



1726-29 
Burger Meynders, 
Melchior Gulch, 
Burger Meynders, Jr., 
William Wanl. 
George Weigand. 
Tobias Weigand. 



Never did all of the old lamilies die out <jr remove — 
some of them arc still represented by their descendants ; 



14 



CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



but they became so reduced in number that the " Dutch 
and English new inhabitants " were largely in the ma- 
jority, and by the authority of the terms of the patent, 
elected trustees of the Glebe, closed the Palatine church 
to the Lutheran minister, and applied to the governor 
and council for a new charter of the Glebe, by which 
its revenues were to be applied to the support of a min- 
ister of the Church of England. This election occurred 
July 22d, 1747. The petition was contested before the 
governor, but was granted in 1751, when Alexander 
Colden and Richard Albertson were confirmed as trus- 
tees of the Glebe, the income of which was directed to 
be applied " for the sole use and behoof of a minister 
of the Church of England, as by law established, and 
a school-master, to have the care of souls and the in- 
struction of the children of the neighboring inhabi- 
tants." The new letters patent were issued March 26, 
1752. Aside from the denominational change, the settle- 
ment cast off the title of the " Palatine Parish by Quas- 
saick," and was constituted The Parish of Newburgh, 
the latter part of the title having been taken from " The 
Town of Newburgh Plot," originally applied by Cad- 
wallader Colden to the township lands which had been 
laid out on the farm of Christian Henricke. At the 
time this change was wrought the resident real estate 
and lease-holders are represented in the following 



lewbttrgh ^irechr^ fail 1750, 



Richard Albertson, 
Joseph Albertson, 
Duncan Alexander, 
Isaac Belknap, 
Abel Belknap, 
Henry Bend, 
Isaac Brown, M 
Thomas Brown, 
Alexander Brower, 
Alexander Colden, 
Edmund Concklin, 



D. 



Jr., 



Samuel Denton, 
Michael Demott, 
Henry Don, 
Morris Fowler, 
Nathan Furman, 
Jonathan Hasbrouck, 
Caklass Leveridge, 
William Mitchell, 
William Miller, 
John Morrel, 
Thomas Morrel, 



William Smith, 
James Smith, 
Henry Smith, 
Thaddeus Smith, 
Samuel Sands, 
Daniel Thurston, 
James Tidd, 
Martin Weigand, 
Thomas Waters, 
William Ward, 
William Ward, Jr. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 1 5 



David Connor, Rolwrt Morrison, M. I). Thoinxs WanI, 

James Denton, Patrick McCary, Jeremiah Ward. 

Jonas Denton, Charles McCary, Jacob Wandcl. 

J.,hn Wandcl. 

Ihc Icadiiii; residents ol the settlement at that tinie, j 
whose names are given above, were Alexander Colden, 
son ot Lieutenant-Governor Colden ; Duncan Alexan- 
der, brother of William Alexander, familiarly known in ' 
the history of the Revolution as Lord Stirling; James 
Denton, son of Daniel Denton, the first historian of New 
York, and Jonathan llasbrouck from the Huguenot ' 
settlement of New Paltz. Colden had been a resident 
for some years; had obtained a charter for the New- 
burgh F"crry m 1743; erected a grist-mill on the site 
now occupied by the Tremont Blcachery, and also a 
residence at the south end of what is now the gore at 
the intersection of Colden and Water street, and sailed 
a sloop to New York from his dock at what is now the 
foot of First street, at which place was also kept the 
boats of the ferry to Fishkill. James Denton erected a 
grist mill at Denton's creek, north of the Glebe, and had 
also a small store of goods. Jonathan I Lisbrouck bought 
and run the Colden grist-mill, and also erected the orig- 
inal part of the head-quarters house. William Smith was 
a blacksmith on the south-east part cf lot No. i, and re- 
sided near the Cold Spring. James Smith lived in a 
small house on the east side of Smith street north of 
First, and was a plain Irish farmer. Richard Albcrtson 
was sheriff of Ulster county, and his brother Joseph was 
a shoemaker. The majority of the inhabitants resided 
on the Glebe and were centered on Liberty street north 
of South street. The Wards were of Palatine stock by 
intermarriage, and ancestors of our famous oarsmen, 
the " Ward Brothers." Martin Wcigand was the grand- 
son of the original Michael Weigand of 1709, who is 
now represented in the city bv James Weygant and 
Colonel Charles H. Weygant. The names of Has- 



i6 



CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



brouck and Golden have never been absent from the list 
of inhabitants since 1750; descendants of the Albert- 
sons still meet the descendants of the Palatines, and the 
descendants of James Smith are yet owners on the farm 
tract No. 5, now the heart of the city. 

THE ERA OF THE REVOLUTION. 

Passing the narration of local events, which were 
neither many or important, and entering upon the third 
quarter of the century, we find a large majority of the 
people of Newburgh (which had then extended its name 
to the Precinct of Newburgh) favoring the measures 
which had been instituted to secure a redress of the 
"grievances" with which the English government had 
afflicted its colonies in America. The nature of these 
grievances are pretty generally understood. The gov- 
ernment forbade the colonists from engaging in manu- 
factures, and insisted not only in supplying such articles 
as might be required, but in collecting a revenue or du- 
ties thereon. The colonists, smarting under what they 
held to be the error in principle involved in taxation 
without representation, and especially regarding the 
denial of the right to engage in manufactures as greatl}'' 
detrimental to their interests, called a Continental Con- 
gress at Philadelphia. This body adopted (October 
14th, 1774,) the historic non-importation agreement, an 
act which drew the fire of the British ministry and 
opened a contest which, although then not generally so 
regarded, was destined not to close except with national 
independence. " From and after the first day of Decem- 
ber next," reads this paper, " we will not import into 
British America, from Great Britain or Ireland, any 
goods, wares, or merchandises whatsoever, or from any 
other place any such goods, wares or merchandises as 
shall have been exported from Great Britain or Ireland ; 
nor will we, after that day, import any East India tea 
from any part of the world ; nor any molasses, syrups. 



HISTORICAL Sit ETCH. I7 



panels, coffee, or pimento, from the British Plantations 
or from Dominica; nor wines from Madeira, or the 
Western Islands; nor foreign indigo. That we will 
neither import nor purchase any slave imported after 
the hrst day of December next, after which time we 
will wholly discontinue the slave trade, and will neither 
be concerned in it ourselves, nor will we hire our ves- 
sels, nor sell our commodities or manufactures to those 
who are concerned in it. That from this day we will not 
l)urchase or use any tea imported on account of the 
Rast India company, or any on which a duty hath been 
or shall be paid. That we will use our utmost endeav- 
ors to improve the breed of sheep ; encourage frugality, 
economy and industry, and promote agriculture, arts, 
and the manufactures of this country, especially that of 
wool; and will discountenance and discourage every 
species of extravagance and dissipation, especially all 
horse-racing, and all kinds of gaming, cock-fighting, 
exhibitions ot plays, shows, and (^thcr expensive diver- 
sions and entertainments ; and on the death of any re- 
lation or friend, none of us. or any of our families, will 
go into any further mourning dress than a black crape 
or ribbon on the arm or hat for gentlemen, and a black 
ribbon and necklace for ladies, and we will discontinue 
the giving of gloves and scarfs at funerals."* 

Approving this agreement, and for other purposes, a 
pledge of association was opened for signatures in every 
town and p)rccinct. On the 14th of July, 1775, Wolvert 
Acker, chairman of the committee for the precinct of 
Newburgh, made return of the signatures to. and the 
names of those who had refused to sign, the pledge — 
the former numbering 195, and the latter 39. This re- 
turn and the immediately subsequent militia rolls, so 
far as can now be ascertained, constitute the 

• The district now embraced in the oiunty of (grange was rrprcsentcd in this 
Congrt'is by Henry Wisncr, of (ioshcn, a ilcscendant of Johannes Wi>ncr of 
the second (1710) company of Palatine immigranla. 



i8 


CITY Of newburgh. 




ewburgh ^irectoii^ foil ^^7^- 


Richard Albertson, 


Nehemiah Denton, 


Silas Leonard, 


Stephen Albertson, 


Samuel Denton, 


Robert Morrison, M. D. 


Wilham Alberston, 


Nathaniel Denton, 


John Morrel, 


Joseph Albertson, 


Peter Donelly, 


Thomas Palmer, 


Daniel Aldredge, 


Benj. Darby, 


William Palmer, 


Isaac Brown, M. D. 


Daniel Darby, 


Thomas Patterson, 


Isaac Brown, Jr., 


John Donaghey, 


Harmanus Rikeman, 


Joseph Brown, 


Isaac Demott, 


Thomas Rhodes, 


Abel Belknap, 


Hugh Ferguson, 


Albertson Smith, 


Isaac Belknap, 


William Ferguson, 


Benjamin Smith, 


Isaac Belknap, Jr., 


Elnathan Foster, 


Henry Smith, 


William Bowdish, 


Morris Flewwelling, 


Leonard Smith, 


John Becket, 


James Flewwelling, 


Leonard Smith, Jr., 


Solo. Buckingham, 


John Flewwelling, 


Thomas Smith, 


Richard Buckingham, Jonathan Hasbrouck, 


Thaddeus Smith, 


Benjamin Birdsall, 


Cornelius Hasbrouck, 


Samuel Sands, 


• Daniel Birdsall, 


Moses Higby, M. D. 


Hugh Stevenson, 


James Bums, 


James Harris, 


Stephen Stevenson, 


Benjamin Coffin, 


John Nathan Hutchins, 


William Thurston, 


Caleb Coffin, 


George Harding, 


Burger Weigand, 


William Collard, 


Thomas Ireland, 


Martin Weigand, 


Nathaniel Coleman, 


George Jackson, 


Monson Ward, 


Henry Cropsey, 


William Lawrence, 


Richard Ward, 


William Carskadder 


, Wm. Lawrence, Jr., 


William Ward, 


Caleb Chase, 


Benjamin Lawrence, 


Timothy Wood, 


Daniel Denton, 


Aaron Linn, 


Jeremiah Wool, 


Daniel Denton, Jr., 


Solomon Lane, 


Charles Willett, 


James Denton, 


George Leonard, 


John Wandel. 


The names given include, in many 


instances, members 


of families, as 


the lists embraced all 


males over sixteen 


years of age. 


Their places of residence were scattered 


from Balmville to Quassaick creek. 


The center of the 


settlement, ho 


wever, was, as alread;y 


' stated, on Liberty 


street from South street north, a district which carried 


the name of " 


old town " for many years after the cir- 


cumstances w 


lich gave rise to it had passed away. 


Speaking of the village at the pe 


riod of the Revolu- 


tion, the late J 


ames Donnelly wrote 


: " It certainly was 


one of the most forlorn looking places that I ever saw. 


It had but one 


opened street, the King's highway (now 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. I9 

Liberty street) — a very good one to be sure — along 
which was scattered a few old-looking browti houses; 
and that was the village, for below the hill there was 
comparatively nothing except the Colden house and 
store-house, Isaac Belknap's house, and the ferry. The 
side-hill was covered with orchards principally. The 
road to the ferry was an irregular one ; it ran across 
the farm of Hasbrouck and the Colden plot from Has- 
brouck's grist-mill to the south-west corner of Colden 
and First street, and thence circled a;"ound the hill to 
the river, which then ran close u}> to the present east 
side of VV'ater street. Colden built a small dock here, 
and the road ran behind the store-house. Those having 
goods to store there unloaded into the second story of 
the building. When the army came here the lower part 
of the Smith farm was occupied by store-houses for the 
commissary department and quarter-master and by bar- 
racks for the soldiers connected with those departments. 
Adolpih DeGrove came here in 1776, a refugee from 
New York, and built a tavern on the south-west corner 
of Water and Third street; it was La Fayette's head-quar- 
ters when he was here. The old armv buildings were af- 
terwards used for business purposes, and the old hotel 
became McAulev's store. The old Colden road was then 
extended to what is now Third street, and the ferry ran 
from a point just north of the Mailler dock. The north 
part of Water street was laid out through the Glebe, 
but was not worked from South to North street, nor 
was it ever opened completely — the present line ot the 
street having its origin in the Newburgh and Sullivan 
turnjMke thirty years later. On the Glebe other streets 
were laid out but only partially opened to give access to 
lots. On the hill were the old church, the parsonage, 
and the school-house, and Martin Weigand's hotel, which 
stood just opposite where Gidney avenue now intersects 
Libertv. During the war a road was opened from South 
street near Grand across the hill to the army buildings 



20 



CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



at the foot of Third street, and had on it hotels and 
other places of business as late as 1800. At the south 
end of the king's highway was Hasbrouck's house, and 
on beyond him were the residences of Henry Smith and 
his brother Thomas. Benj. Smith, who owned the farm 
of his father James, lived in the house on Liberty street 
corner of Campbell, which he built just before the war. 
Isaac Belknap sailed a sloop from the foot of South 
street, and had a house on Water street just south of 
First, which is still standing on the corner of the gore. 
Up "at the brook," as it was called, Demott had a tav- 
ern, and Denton a grist-mill, and William Bloomer a 
blacksmith shop. There were a number of dwellings 
there- — Capt. Coleman's, Silas Leonard's, and Morris 
Flewwelling's. Bloomer lived in the house now the 
residence of H. K. Brown; Denton's mill was in the 
hollow back of Col. Hathaway's barn ; Demott's tavern 
was on the road just east of the Balmville tree. Thomas 
Palmer, Jonathan Hasbrouck, Elnathan Foster, and Ben- 
jamin Smith were the most wealthy farmers of the place ; 
Capt Coleman and Isaac Belknap were in the coasting 
trade when the war broke out, but did not do much at it 
afterwards. The largest part of the population was on 
the Glebe where small lots could be leased. There was 
no small amount of heavy timber standing on the western 
and south-western part of the farms, and even as late as 
1800, when Western Avenue was opened it was cut 
through the woods for a large part of the way." And 
yet the place, in its development had kept pace with its 
neighbors of the pioneer era. 

The war of the Revolution imposed great sacrifices 
upon the inhabitants of the embryo city. When it was 
realized that the British Ministry would appeal to force 
to maintain the authority of the Crown over the colo- 
nies, the control of the navigation of Hudson's river be- 
came the contested point. To prevent this the colonists 
of New York determined to place fortifications in the 



HISTORICAL SKETdl. J I 



I lij^hlaiuls, :iii(l rciv mainly for their (Icltiuc upon the 
militia of the district. Three forts were eoiistrui ted 
I'ort Moiiti^omerv, Fort Clinton, and l*'ort Constitution, 
and in their construction and defcnci- the militia knew 
JittU- imrminitv fiom active dutv. So j^rcat was the de- 
mand M|»on them that two out ol everv tive ol the male 
population between sixteen and sixty were almost con- 
stantly in the held, and levies en tnassf were of fretpient 
occurrence. In \77(>-77, the Ministry devoted its atten- 
tion almost entirely to the accomplishment of the control 
of the navij^ation of the river. To this end Boston was 
abandoned, and the continental forces driven out of New- 
York city and Lontj Island; this new base of operations 
havinjj been secured, Burixovne was sent from Canada, 
with a hnelv ecpiipped armv. to cut his way thnju^h 
from the north, while the British forces were to move 
northward from New York, secure the Hit^hland forts 
and unite with Burijovne at Albany. This plan of ope- 
rations culminated in October. 1777. Under the com- 
mand of Sir Henry Clinton, the southern division of the 
invadint^f army aj)jK"ared before Forts Clinton and Mont- 
ijomery and demanded their surrender. The forts were 
almost wholly j^arrisoned by the militia of the district, 
about six hundred in number, who made a most heroic 
defence, h^htinij aj^ainst a suj)erior and discij)lined force 
from four o'clock until twilight, when they ^avc way and 
marie a scattered retreat, leavini^ behind them not less 
than three hundred ot their number in killed, wounded 
and prisoners. The forts were destroyed, the chain and 
boom which had been thrown across the river were re- 
moved, and on the Sth of October the ships of war of 
the successful enemy entered the bay of Newburjjh and 
saluted its inhabitants with j^rape-shot and cannon balls. 
F"ortunately })y the capture of Burj^oyne's army at 
Saratoija. the plan of operations was defeated, and the 
Hijj^hlands returned atj^ain to the possession <»f the colo- 
nists. Thenceforth they were destined to become the 



22 CITY OF NEWBURGH. 

strategic center of the entire war. In the winter and 
spring of 1777-78, new fortifications were erected at 
West Point, strong garrisons of regular troops placed in 
them, and at times the largest portion of the continental 
army was encamped in their vicinity. Hither Wash- 
ington removed his head-quarters in the spring of 1779, 
and occupied the William Ellison house, at New Wind- 
sor, until the movement which resulted in the siege and 
capture of Yorktown in October, 1781. From that suc- 
cessful field the army returned to the Highlands ; and 
in April, 1782, Washington established his head-quarters 
at the Hasbrouck house in Newburgh, where he re- 
mained until August, 1783. 

The general events of the war which marked the 
closing years of its continuance are too well known to 
make specific reference necessary. The protection which 
the presence of the army afforded relieved the militia in 
a great measure, and left the inhabitants to pursue their 
avocations. The furnishing of supplies to the troops 
would have been remunerative at other times, but as it 
was neither officers or soldiers had money to spend, or 
if they had it was almost worthless. Even Washington 
himself was frequently forced to borrow from Mrs. 
Thompson, his cook, the gold and silver which he had 
paid her as wages, in order to supply his table; and it 
is related that Baron Steuben felt compelled to sell his 
camp silver in order to supply a creditable entertain- 
ment for the French officers who were his guests. It 
was this condition of affairs that caused the discontent 
in the army which at one time threatened to culminate 
in a revolt, and which had its expression in the letter by 
Colonel Nicola to Washington, virtually offering him, 
on behalf of the army, the title of king, and in the subse- 
quent letters by Major Armstrong. Happily the discon- 
tent was allayed, and on the 3d of November, 1783, the pa- 
tient, suffering, triumphant army of the Revolution was 
here disbanded. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 23 



The war of the Revolution was not only the cradle of 
the nation; it was the foundation of manufactures, the 
arts, conuncicc, and all the clcTucnts for the- devel- 
opment of the jijenius and the industry of the people. 
What the colonies would have been without it, is pre- 
sented in the historv of Canada— .t poor, dependent 
peoj)le. In this jjeneral result Ncwburph has had its 
full share. From the dissolving armv came an increase 
of population; men of youth and energy who had the 
purposes of life to accomplish empty handed. There 
was also a considerable addition of families who had 
fled from New York city, on its capture by the Brit- 
ish, and whose property there was confiscated and de- 
stroyed. These new elements were suited to the new 
era, and made wise use of the facilities which the dis- 
band ment of the army placed in their hands. A consid- 
erable village of hotels, barracks, and other buildings had 
grown up in the vicinitv of Third street: and for the ac- 
commodation of others Mr. Benjamin Smith laid out in 
streets and lots, in 1782, that portion of his (the Kock- 
crthal) farm King east of Montgomery street, between 
South and First streets. This i)lot. to which he gave 
the name of "The Township ok \V.\shington," em- 
braced scvcntv-two lots, and Montgomery, Smith, and 
Water, and First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth 
streets from Montgomery street to the river. These lots 
were rajiirllv taken up. as well as adjoining lots on the 
Glebe and in the township of Xewburgh, and from the 
position of the lowest, in 1780, the inchoate village and 
the jirecinct of which it was a part passed to the fourth, 
in 1790, and, in a quarter of a centur\. to the first in 
rank of population. 

Until 1790, however, the village was a disjointed settle- 
ment. The three township plots ot which it was com- 
posed, had no connection except through Liberty street 
and a " few cross-lot " roads. Western Avenue, which 
had been dedicated as a public highway in 1719, had 



24 



CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



never been opened ; South street, North street, Nicoll 
and Clinton streets, and Water, Hasbrouck, and Second 
streets, which had been dedicated by the trustees of the 
Glebe in 1752, existed mainly on paper; while High 
street and the road already described as running diag- 
onally across the plot, were, with the exception of Lib- 
erty street, the only opened roads on the Town of New- 
burgh Plot. None of the lateral streets intersected each 
other until 1 790, when the commissioners of highways 
accepted the dedications which had been made and for- 
mally connected them. The angles at the intersections 
on First and South streets, still show the impress of the 
original disjointure. 

In 1797, the village had attained such size that it was 
found necessary to establish a Fire Department, and for 
this purpose a law was passed by the legislature direct- 
ing the election of trustees, "to be called the Trustees 
of the Fire Company of the Village of Newburgh." 
The limits of the village defined by this act included 
that portion of the original patent lying south of an 
east and west line running six rods north of the Acade- 
my, and east of and including Liberty street, which dis- 
trict was "to be called the Village of Newburgh," the 
freeholders in which were to elect annuall}- not less than 
three nor more than five trustees to have the appoint- 
ment of firemen and the control and management of the 
fire engines and apparatus which should then or there- 
after be obtained. The persons appointed members of 
the department were required to be " freeholders or per- 
sons renting property to the value of one hundred dol- 
lars per annum," and it was made their duty to be pres- 
ent at all fires, "as well by night as by day, to manage, 
use and work the fire engines and other tools." This 
crude form of village authority was the crowning and 
closing work of the century. 

In other respects the century's record may be briefly 
summarized. The Church of England (old St. George's) 





IIISTORICAI, SKKTCII. 2$ 


ceased to exist during the war of the Revolution. Its 


place was suj)|> 


ied by the First 


Presbyterian church. 


fouiuk'd inform 


lily in 1764; by 


Methodist Hpiscopal 


classes in 17S6, 


and by the First 


Associate Ketornied 


church in 1797 


Printing was 


ntroduced by Lucius 


Carey (the Nnvhurgli Packet) in 


179$; Free Masonry 


came in in 1788, 


inider the title ot 


Steuben LodjJ^e, No. 


18; an Academical school in 179$ 


the Ncwburj^h Post- 


office in 1796. 


rhe persons bv w 


hom the embryt) citv 


was thus advanced, as represented on the road li^t< <>f j 


that year, constitute the following 




^mhuiijli ffirectoni 


far li^ini 


Abercrombie, John 


Aldriflgc, Daniel 


Andrews, John 


Albcrtwn, Joseph 


Alexander, James 


Arnold, William 


Alhertson, Richard 


Amcrman, Derick 


Ayrcs, Andrew 


AUwrtson, John 


Anderson, John 


Ayres, Ebenczer B. 


Aldridge, James 
lUilcy, Daniel 


Anderson, John, Jr. 
Belknap, Scth 




Bradley, Anan 


lUrl*r. Joseph W. 


Ifelknap, Samuel, Jr. 


Brewster, Francis 


lUinl, James 


Itelknap, Sands 


Brett, Criah 


liate, James 


Belknap, Chauncey 


Brown, John 


Bee»)c. Heraleel, Capl. 


Belknap, William 


Brown, Francis 


Helknap, Samuel 


Birdsall, Daniel 


Bullard, Nathan 


Belknap, Alden 


Birdsall, Charles 


Burling, Walter 


Belknap, Abel 


Birdsall, Mrs. Elizabeth Burling, Benjamin | | 


Belknap, Isaac 


Blake, Charles 


Burling, David 


Belknap, Thomas 


Bloomer, James 


Bums, James 


Belknap, David 


Bowman, Phineas 


Burr, Samuel 


Caldwell, Henry 


Capicadden, John 


Colter, James 


Campliell, George 


Cise, Benjamin 


Colter, John 


Carter, I^cwis 


Case, Benjamin, Jr. 


Conduit, Cyrus 


Carter, Jonathan 


Clark, Samuel 


Cooley, Jonathan 


Carpenter, Jacob 


Clark, Jacob 


Cooper, Thomas 


Carjienter, I^onard 


Clark, WillLim 


Crawforri. James 


Carjxrntcr, Joseph 


Clinton, Charles 


Crissey, Kl«neier 


Carpenter, Henry 


CofTin, Caleb 


Curtis, Amos 


Carscadden, Rolicrt 


Coleman, Sila.* 


Curnr. lohn 


Carscadden, Thomas 


Coleman, Micah 




Darby, Benjamin 


rVnniston. Charles 


Donclly, Mrs. Lienor 


Darby, Isaac 


I>cnton, John 


r>owning, Samuel 


Davis, Anthony 


Dodge, I-evi 


I^owns, John 


1 



26 


CITY OF NEWBURGH. 


DeGrove, Mrs. Adolph 


Dodge, William P. 


Downs, Edward 


Demott, James 


Dodge, John P. 


DuBois, Nathaniel 


Denniston, David 


Dolsen, Edward 


DuBois, David M. 


Denniston, Alexander 


Dolph, Robert R. 


Dusinberry, Jarvis 


Egbert, James 


Ellet, Archibald 




Falls, Alexander 


Finley, John 


Fordice, William 


Ferguson, James 


Fisk, Jonathan 


Foster, Elnathan 


Ferris, Mr. 


Foote, Justin 


Freeman, Rev. Jonathan 


Gardner, George 


Gidney, Eleazer 


Gourlay, Robert 


Gardner, Thomas 


Gillespie, John 


Gregory, Samuel O. 


Gardner, Benjamin 


Goldsmith, James 


Griswold, Chauncey 


Gardiner, Robert 


Gordon, George 


Griswold, Edmund 


Halstead, Stephen 


Havens, Smith 


Hoffman, John 


Hamilton, James 


Hawkins, Samuel 


Holmes, William 


Hannery, John 


Hedges, Jonathan 


Howell, Edward 


Harris, John 


Hedges, Phineas, M. D. 


Howell, Benoni H. 


Harris, Hugh 


Herdman, John 


Howell, Mrs. Esther 


Hasbrouck, Isaac 


Higby, Moses, M. D. 


Hudson, Timothy, M.D. 


Hasbrouck, Joseph 


Holly, Ebenezer 


Hudson, Richard 


Hasbrouck, Daniel 


Hobby, Drake 


Hulet, Joseph 


Hathaway, Josiah 


Hoffman, Joseph 


Hulet, Samuel 


Ireland, Samuel 


Jones, Robert W. 


June, Phineas 


Kelso, Thomas 
Lawson, John D. 


Kerr, Rev. Robert 
Ludlow, Mrs. Elizabeth 




Lyon, Aaron 




Lyon, Benjamin 
MoiTison, Mrs. Catharine 




Mandeville, John 


McCoun, Samuel 


Monell, George 


Murray, Alex. 


McCutcheon, Robert 


Monell, William 


McAuley, John 


McGahey, Owen 


Marsh, Joshua 


McClaughrey, Mrs. Agnes McKune, Robert 


Moore, James 


McClaughrey, Alexander McLean, John 


Nestle, Michael 


Nicholson, Samuel 
Niven, Daniel, Jr. 

Pierson, Caleb 


Niven, Daniel 


Pettingale, Joseph 


Powell, Jacob 


Phillips, James 


Place, James 


Powell, Thomas 


Raymond, Francis 


Renwick, James 


Robinson, Cush 


Reeve, Selah 


Reynolds, David 


Rogers, Jason 


Reeve, Joseph 


Richardson, John 


Ross, William 


Scott, William 


Smith, Jacob 


Spier, Hugh 


Shaw, John 


Smith, David 


Schultz, Jacob 


Smith, Albertson 


Smith, Charles F. 


Seymour, William 


Smith, Benjamin 


Sackett, Wm. W. 


Sanders, John 


Smith, William H. 


Sleight, Solomon 


Shaw, Robert 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 2"] 



Telford, George Tapper, Mr*. Nathl. Trumper, John 

Thome, Iwac Trumper, William Tooker, John 

Vcltman, Henry Van NVyck, PeJer 



Waller, George Wood, Alexander Walsh, Hugh 

Waril, Abraham Wood, Cornelius Wallace, 

Wright, Samuel Wood, Timothy Winfield, Elias, M. D. 

Wright, Robert Wood, Timothy, Jr. Williams, Edward 

Weigand, Martin Watts, Henry Wilson, William 

Watts, Samuel 

The first work of the present century was the incor- 
poration of the Village of New burgh, by an act of 
the legislature passed March 25th, 1800. This act de- 
fined the bounds of the village; authorized the election 
of trustees and other officers: provided that the trustees 
should have |)o\ver to make, ordain and publish such 
bv-laws, rules and regulations as should be deemed meet 
and proper, particularly in reference to public markets, 
streets, allevs, and highwavs; to abate slaughter-houses 
and nuisances generallv: to determine the number of 
inns or taverns, and grant licenses to the same; to re- 
strain the running at large of geese, cattle, hogs and 
other animals; to erect and regulate hay-scales, and to 
have general powers "relative to anything whatsoever" 
that should concern the "public and good government" 
of the village thereby created. On the first Tuesday in 
May, seven trustees, three assessors, three fire-wardens, 
a collector, and a treasurer, were elected, and the board 
of trustees organized under the presidency of John An- 
derson, This act was followed, in 1801. by an act incor- 
porating the Newburgh and Cochecton turnpike com- 
pany, with a capital of $125,000. Both were measures 
largely influencing the prosperity of the village; the 
former gave local government — the latter, by opening a 
new route of travel to the west, brought a trade which 
in the main had previously reached the Hudson at New 
Windsor. Up to that time it may be said that all roads 
led to that {)lace, and that from the west the roads to 



28 



CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



Newburgh were more of the character of cross-roads. 
The Cochecton turnpike reversed the order, and gave to 
the western part of the county, and to Sullivan, a better 
and a shorter route of travel. The effect was magical ; 
New Windsor, from a previously superior trade, was 
speedily shorn of its advantage ; its houses became ten- 
antless, and its merchants removed their stocks to the 
Newburgh market. Other roads followed — the New- 
burgh and New Windsor turnpike in 1808, connecting 
at New Windsor with turnpikes to Cornwall and Mon- 
roe ; the Newburgh and Sullivan turnpike in 18 10, pen- 
etrating the heart of the present county of Sullivan, and 
the Newburgh and Plattekill turnpike in 18 12, threading 
a rich agricultural district of southern Ulster. 

The village sprang rapidly into rank. From 1776 to 
1825, its population increased a fraction over one hun- 
dred annually, or about eleven hundred each decade ; 
while its commerce had swept over the narrow belt of 
country of the pioneer era, and embraced a very con- 
siderable proportion of the district now included in the 
southern tier of counties. Turnpikes extended in connec- 
tion to Canandaigua lake, and were traversed by stage 
coaches conveying passengers, and freight wagons laden 
with goods ; a steamer on Cayuga lake extended the 
route to Ithaca, and subsequently to Geneva and Buf- 
falo, from which point New York was reached (via New- 
burgh) in sixty-five hours — "the shortest and most ex- 
peditious route from the Hudson river to the western 
countr3^" 

The changes wrought under the growth (^f population 
in other parts of the state, and through modern facili- 
ties of communication, are too M^ell known to require 
recapitulation. The map of the southern tier was rolled 
up and laid away for a quarter of a century on the night 
when, with beacons blazing on the headlands of the Hud- 
son, the waters of Lake Erie were mingled with those 
of the Atlantic in the harbor of New York. From that 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 29 



time tlu' iiilliu-ncf ot internal improvements, like the 
apjjroachini; trenches ol a besie^inj^ army, has been 
continually telt. The Hudson and Delaware canal, the 
Erie railroad, the whole net-work of iron rails that now 
bisect and intersect the district, bear with them the storv 
ot the past and the present. " What mi^ht have been," 
could the people ot Newbur^h have commanded the 
ancient i^rder to continue, or the new modes ot transit 
to pay them tribute, it is not wise to consider. At each 
stage of the combination against them, thev have made 
bold struggles, and if the long lines of farmers' wagons, 
stored with butter and pork, which formed so leading a 
teature in the trade of the village in the earlv part of 
the century, have passed into the domain of history, the 
new elements in commerce and the new modes of transit 
have not been without their compensations. Compared 
with neighboring communities, the city has not only 
maintained its rank in population and wealth with the 
more tavored, but has outstripped many upon which 
political connections have conferred presumed superior 
advantages. 

The grading of streets, the supply of water, the intro- 
duction of gas, the development of the higher branches 
of mechanics, the introduction of telegraphs, railroads, 
steam printing presses and free sch(«)ls, the improvement 
in the architecture of public and private buildings, have 
been the work of the past half century and more espe- 
ciallv of the quarter of that period which closes with 
the centennial year of the Republic. One hundred and 
fiftv-six years from the date of its planting, the settlement 
founded bv the Palatines, maintained by the " Dutch and 
Irish new inhabitants," developed and made vigorous by 
men of all nations, creeds and tongues, entered upon the 
highest torm of local government under an act of the 
legislature passed .April 22d, 1865, incorporating and 
constituting Tin. City of Newburgh. 



30 



CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



MERCANTILE BUSINESS. 
The earliest merchants of Newburgh were connected 
with either milling or freighting. It is of record in 1767, 
that "many people from the back part of the country" 
brought hither the produce of their farms "to send to 
New York," and that there were " at least three boats be- 
longing to the place that constantly go from thence to 
New York and return again with goods, which creates 
a very considerable trade." The owners of these boats 
had small store-houses in which they kept goods of va- 
rious kinds which they sold to their customers. This 
was also the case with the millers. The Dentons, "up 
at the brook," had a store in their mill; Jonathan Has- 
brouck also had one, not at his mill, but in the old head- 
quarters house. It is still known as the "store-room," 
and is situated immediately south of the hall on the west 
side. Denton and Hasbrouck had docks from which 
they shipped their flour, which was then the principal 
staple. " The first regular store in the village," is said 
to have been opened by Benjamin. and Daniel Birdsall 
on Colden's dock, a locality now on the west line of 
Front street south of First. It was afterwards occupied 
by John Harris as a hat shop. George Gardner took 
the top of it off" and moved it up to High street, where 
he made a residence of it for his father-in-law, William 
Lawrence. The basement (the original store) is still 
standing — a monument of the simplicity of the stores of 
a hundred years ago. The second regular store is 
claimed to have been opened immediately after the Rev- 
olution, by John McAuley in a building which stood on 
the west line of Front street — an army store-house sub- 
sequently known as DeWint's dock. It is also said that 
" Hugh Walsh and a Mr. Brown " were afterwards his 
associates in the business, and that Mr. Walsh became 
his successor. This tradition, in the absence of positive 
testimony, must be accepted, although there are records 
indicating that Mr. Walsh was the first owner and occu- 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 3 1 



pant of the property in question, and that Mr. McAulev 
was his associate. However, this was the foundation of 
Walsh's dock and store. Mr. McAulcy, in 1791. after an 
absence of a few years from the place, opened a store on 
the south-west corner of VV^ater and Third street and 
continued there for thirty-hve years. Williani Walsh 
was his successor, and erected the brick buildinj^ now 
undcr^oini^ enlargement by Mr. Ge«)r^e W. Townsend. 
John Shaw was Mr. Walsh's successor in his first place 
of business. His advertisement shows the j(oods then 
kept bv "rei^ular" stores; it reads as follows: 

JoiLV Shaw, 

(Latfly from IRELAND,) 

BECiS leave to inform the public, that he hu 
commenced store-keeping in the house op- 
posite to the Xnv Markft, formerly occupied by 
Mr. Walsh, where he has laid in a general 
assortment of the following (}(X)I)S, which he 
will sell by Wholesale or Retail on reasonable 
terms, for cash or merchantable produce, viz: 
Malaga, Sherry and Port Wines; Rum, Brandy 
and Cin; Teas, Sugars, Mola<iscs, Pigtail and 
Paper Tobacco; Coffee; Iron and Steel; Cut 
and Wrought Nails; Window Glass and Putty; 
Linseed Oil and Colours; Hams and Pickled 
Pork; a neat assortment of Hardware, Delft 
and Glasses. A parcel of excellent Coarse 
and Fine Linens, purchased for cash in Ireland 
at the best markets. Muslins and Callicoes; 
Plain and printed Handkerchiefs; Nankeens; 
Bandanas and Humhums; Cassimcrc and Vest 
Patems; Buttons, Silk and Twist; Tapes, Nee- 
dles, Pins and Thread; with many other articles 
too tedious to mention. 

Newburgh, May 7, '99. 

The principal merchants in addition to Hug^h Walsh 
and John McAuley, prior to and including the year 1800, 
were William Seymour, Leonard Carpenter, John An- 
derson, Cooper & Son, George Gardner, James Hamil- 
ton, James Burns, Robert Gourlay, Robert Gardiner, 
George Monell. Robert W. Jones, Denniston & Aber- 
crombie. Wm. W. Sackett, Alexander Falls, John Shaw, 
and John Brown. Mr. Seymour's store was on the 
north-cast corner of Water and Fourth streets. John 



32 



CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



Anderson, Jr., was his successor in 1804. John Ander- 
son, Sr., occupied a small store on the south side cf 
Third street, about seventy-five feet from Water street, 
where his dock was located. Robert Ludlow, the father 
of the late Mrs. Thomas Powell, bought the corner 
above him and built a store which Alexander Falls and 
Jonathan Hedges subsequently hired for a short time. 
Robert W. Jones succeeded them, and gave place to 
Jacob and Thomas Powell, The latter gentlemen came 
here in 1799, and soon after commenced business in con- 
nection with Benjamin Case, Jr., (Thomas Powell's 
brother-in-law), who announced (1802) that in his ab- 
sence as master of the sloop Montgomery, strict attention 
would " be paid to the store and dock, by J. & T, Powell." 
The Powells continued in business on the south-east cor- 
ner of Water and Third street until 18 14, when they sold 
to Selah Reeve and William H. Falls. James Hamilton's 
store stood on the site now occupied by the Quassaick 
National Bank. Robert Cooper & Son were the suc- 
cessors of Leonard Carpenter in a building just south of 
Carpenter street, and James Burns had his store where 
the Colonnade Row now stands — the dock and store- 
house of Jacob and Leonard Carpenter being immedi- 
ately in the rear. 

There are a few landmarks from which the locations of 
most of the stores can be very nearly accurately ascer- 
tained. Of these marks one was the Newburgh coffee- 
house of Robert Gardiner, and the other the printing 
office of David Denniston. The latter stood on lot No. 
5 of the Township of Washington, and its north line was 
just fifty feet south of Third street (east side of Water). 
Robert Gardiner's store was on the south-west corner of 
Water and Fourth streets, where he commenced business 
about 1795. He had previously been employed as a 
clerk by William Seymour, John McAuley, and John 
Anderson. His business was a singular combination of 
dry goods, groceries, liquors, notions, etc., in one depart- 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 33 



mcnt, and in the other ci cofl'ec-housc in which the retail 
sale «>f malt litjimrs was hrst introduced. Mis j)lace ol 
business is described, in 1800, as "an elej^ant well built 
three-story house, and another adjoininp^ it, known by 
the name of the coflee-room and the coflfee-house, with a 
commodious kitchen round the corner, a gt)od well ol 
water with a pump before the front door, situated on the 
corner of Water street and Fourth street, opposite to the 
public ferry." It became a place as well known as the 
othce of Denniston's newspaper, and quite a number of 
merchants g^ave their locations as so far from, or opj>osite 
to — as the case mi^ht be — one or the other. 

George Gardner, while he had a store-house on his 
dock at the foot of F'irst street, kept his regular store in 
Colden street, on the west side, a short distance south 
of First street. He was in business for at least thirty 
years prior to his death in 1822. Jason Rogers had 
his store in Water street, " between the coffee-house and 
Howell's tavern," — Wallace cSl Moore occupied it in 
1800. Denniston & Abercrombie were located "oppo- 
site to Uavid Denniston's printing office, next door to 
Alexander Falls." The firm dissolved in 1800, and Aber- 
crombie took the store of Leonard Carpenter, then 
recently occupied by Robert Cooper & Son. John 
Gay nor, from New Windsor, opened in 1800 "a store 
in the late Henry Watts' new house, Water street, oppo- 
site 'Squire Gardner's dock." He refused to give credit 
to his customers, and did not continue in business any 
considerable time. 

One of the most noted stores of the periled immedi- 
ately preceding the close of the century, was that of 
John Brown, an Irish refugee of the rebellion of 1798, 
who located, on his arrival in America, in a building 
which had been kept as a tavern by Edward Howell 
(previous to the removal of the latter to the present site 
of the Orange Hotel), where he opened what he called 
an " Universal Store," and such it was for many years — 



R' 



34 CITY OF NEWBURGH. 

a curious repository indeed, where might be found 
ahuost any article, from a mouse-trap to the finest dress 
goods. His sons, John and James S. Brown, were his 
successors, and the store which he erected is now occu- 
pied by Charles J. Lawson. His first advertisement 
reads : 

Universal Store, 

In the house formerly occupied by Edward 
Howell, Water street, Newburgh. 
JOHN BROWN 
ESPECTFULLY informs the public that 
. he has juft received (in addition to his 
former assortment) a neat and fashionable vari- 
ety of 

DRY GOODS, 

suitable to the season; among which are a beau- 
tiful assortment of tamboured, laped, Japaned 
and plain Book and Jaconet Muslins, &c., with 
a general collection of Hardware, Jewelry, 
Iron?nongery, Nails, and Hollow Ware; Look- 
ing Glasses, Window Glass, Faints, and Oils; 
China, Glass, Delft, Bristol and Stone Ware: 
Bibles, School Books, Novels, Plays and Histo- 
ries; liocior Owen^s Prophetical Sermon; like- 
wise a fresh supply of 

GROCERIES, 

Wines, Cherry Brandy, Gin and Spirits; aquan- 
' tity of excellent Corn; a few barrels of Shad, 

warranted well cured; with a great variety of 
articles too tedious to enumerate. To prevent 
trouble no second price will be asked. Brown 
returns his sincere thanks to the public for the 
great encouragement he has received since his 
commencement in business; as his goods are 
purchased for ready money, he is determined 
to sell at a very small profit for cash or mer- 
chantable country produce. 
July i6, '99. 

N. B. Account Books ruled or plain, bound 
in any pattern or size, on the shortefl notice — 
old books carefully rebound. 

There were a few merchants whose business was of 
a more specific character. George Gordon, Ebenezer 
B. Ayres, and Joseph Reeve, were dealers in clocks, 
watches, etc.; Selah Reeve had a crockery store " in 
Mrs. Howell's house, next to David Denniston's," (a 
building which occupied the site of John Lawson & 
Son's store); John D. Lawson kept " soal and upper 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 35 



leather, boot Ic^s and calf skins, saddles, bridles and 
harness" in a store described as next door to the coffee- 
house, being a building "twenty-eight feet front, two 
stories high, four rooms with tire-places, three bedrooms, 
a large kitchen with an oven, a cellar, and cistern for 
rain-water;" and Davis & Hedges (,1797; had a drug 
store in the building afterwards occupied by Jonathan 
Carter. Thev subsequently (1799) removed to Colden 
street. Some of these branches will be noticed in 
another connection. 

It has already been remarked that a very considerable 
iniiiil)er of the old merchants were connected with the 

}•« )k\V.\kI>IN(; BUSINESS. 

This is especially true of Hugh Walsh, John Anderson 
and John Anderson. Jr., Benjamin Case, Jr., Jacob and 
Thomas Powell, Jacob and Leonard Carpenter, and 
George Gardner. The trade was conducted by sloops 
prior to 1830, when the first steamer, the Baltimore, 
was purchased by Christopher Reeve. Advertisements 
for 1798 state that Caleb Coffin, master, "will con- 
tinue to sail Capt. George Gardner's sloop." How 
long Capt. Gardner had been in the business does not 
appear. The same year John Anderson, master, sailed 
the sloop Eliza, which vessel had " large accommoda- 
tions for passengers;" and Derick Amerman, master, 
sailed Hugh Walsh's sloop, the Ceres, which onlv had 
" verv good accommodations for passengers." In 1799 
the same sloops were continued, with the addition of 
the Favorite, Alexander Falls and Jonathan Hedges 
owners, and Benj. Case, Jr., master, who announced 
that they had " taken the large and commodious store 
and dock, the property of Mrs. Ludlow." This store 
and dock was on the south-east corner of Water and 
Third street, and was afterwards known as Powell's 
dock and Reeve's dock. Hugh Walsh was the founder 
of the store and business known for many years as 



36 CITY OF NEWBURGH. 

Crawford's; and Jacob and Leonard Carpenter were 
the first occupants of the property now embraced in 
the establishment of Homer Ramsdell & Co. In 1800 
George Gardner sailed the sloop Senator Burr, Edward 
Griswold, master; and the sloop Vice President, Smith 
Havens, master; Caleb Coffin sailed from "Leonard 
Carpenter's wharf, below James Burns' store," the sloop 
Behidere, and Leonard Carpenter paid attention to the 
business at the store and dock; Benj. Case, Jr., con- 
tinued the Favorite, and Alexander Falls attended the 
store and dock ; John Anderson continued the sloop 
Eliza; Hugh Walsh and Benjamin Sears sailed the Ceres, 
Samuel Hawkins, master; and Derick Amerman sailed 
the Washington — the whole constituting a fleet of seven 
sloops. The form of announcement of the sloop lines 
appears from the following advertisement : 

for nev^ york. 

The New Sloop 

MONTGOiMERY, 

Benjamin Case, yun., Master, 

Will sail from Powell's dock, on the following 

Saturdays, wind and weather permitting, viz : 



Saturday, March, 20 
April, 3, 17 
May, I, 15, 29 
June 12, 26 
July 10, 24 



Saturday, August, 7, 21 
September, 4, 18 
October 2, 16, 30 
November 13, 27 
December 11, 25 
The subscriber is thankful for past favors from 
the public, and will endeavor to give general 
satisfaction. 

Strict attention will be paid to the store 
and dock, in the absence of the subscriber, by 
J. & T. Powell. Benjamin Case, Jun. 

Newburgh, February 17, 1802. 

The Baltimore, the first steamer in the trade, was fol- 
lowed by the William Young, the Legislator, the Provi- 
dence, the Washington, the James Madison, the Highlander, 
and the Thomas Powell ; all were subsequently succeeded 
by barges, while the several and at times numerous firms 
of the past are now consolidated in the single establish- 
ment of Homer Ramsdell & Co., whose carrying trade 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 37 



exceeds that of anv other period, although essentially 
chaiiL^ed in the clcnjcnts of which it is composed. 
The *^Io()ps ran in connection with the 
STACK LINKS. 
and announced the tact as " Tuesday and I-Vidays 
Staj^^i," or other days as the case mii^ht he. One of the 
earliest of the staj^c lines was called the " Newburj^h 
and Goshen Mercury." and ran between Newbur^h and 
(ioshcn by the route of Monti^onierv. leavin«^ Newburgh 
on Monday and Thursday, and returning on Tuesdav 
and Friday. Fourteen pounds of baggage was allowed 
free, and all above that weight '* in proportion to the 
weight of the passenger at 140 pounds." A passenger 
weighing over 140 was required to pay extra. The 
contrast with the jiresent modes of convevance. and 
the time required, will suggest itself. Now one may 
visit the nmst distant point in the county and return 
in the course of ten hours. 

noTKL.s 
were of course as necessary an evil a hundred years ago 
as now. and they were neither few nor far between. 
The most noted in the village, prior to, during and for 
some years after the Kevolution, was one kcjit by Martin 
Weigand, who had, in i/(^>7, the only one in the place, 
and paid therefor "three pounds for the excise, whereas 
all the retailers together in the place when they were 
permitted did not pay more than two pounds." Joseph 
Albertson was Weigand's contemporary, and is s;iid t«) 
have " kept a very good and orderly house." a character 
which even Weigand's lost during the Revolution, when 
it is described as being "filled with soldiers, with drunk- 
enness, despair and blasphemy." During the war .\dolph 
DeCirove built a hotel on the south-west corner of Water 
and Third streets, the first " under the hill." Benj. Case 
subsequently built one on the south-east corner of Water 
and Fourth ; and Edward Howell on Water street near 



38 



CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



Second. The latter gave up his place to stores, and put 
up a hotel where the Orange Hotel now stands — a frame 
building two stories high. At a later period the Mansion 
House was made out of Hugh Walsh's store on the op- 
posite side of the street, and ran until 1832 or '33. In 
the meantime Howell's tavern gave place to the Orange 
Hotel, and the United States Hotel followed in 1833. A 
famous old tavern was kept for many years by Thomas 
Gardner on Golden street — called the " Stone Tavern" — 
another on the north end of Smith street, kept by Fran 
cis Brewster; another on South street, near Grand, 
called the Blue-Bell Tavern ; and another on the north- 
west corner of Western Avenue and Golden streets ; the 
dates of their establishment, or that of the Glinton Hotel 
in Golden street, is not definitely known. The " Stone 
Tavern," by the way, was the birth-place of General 
Gardner of Port Hudson fame. 

MECHANICS AND MANUFACTURING. 
The first carpenter, the first blacksmith, the first wea- 
ver, and the first stocking-maker, came to Newburgh 
with the Palatine immigrants of 1709. Their successors 
and those who were engaged in other mechanical pur- 
suits prior to about the commencement of the present 
century, have no other than traditionary record. Be- 
yond that of carpenters, blacksmiths, and a few other 
trades, however, the number of mechanics was limited. 
As already stated. Great Britain would not permit the 
colonists to engage in manufacturing to any extent ; 
whatever the settlers required they were obliged to 
import or supply by domestic substitutes. The wives 
and daughters spun the yarn and the flax, wove and 
colored the cloth and made the clothing; the leach-tub 
was more familiar in the door-3'ard than the rose bush, 
and, with the refuse fats of the tables, furnished the 
soaps; candles were also the product of the household. 
Shoes were wrought by shoemakers who visited the 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 39 



houses of their customers. The farmer made his own 
sleds and carts, and in most cases was the architect and 
the builder of his own d wellinj^ and outhouses. F'assing 
this era and considt*rin^ that by which it was succeeded, 
we have, since 1795. an approximately correct record of 
the introduction of mechanical industries.* 

John Harris had the hrst sho() tor the manufacture 
and sale of hats. He rented the old 13irdsall house 
(adjoining- the whalintj coinj)anv*s storehouse on the 
north) in 1795 ; his shop was in the basement on the east 
side, which then fronted the thoroug^hfare leading to the 
dock. Jonathan Rutler was the next, in 1801. Harris 
sold his business iiSio) to Minard Harris and David 
Sands, who continued it for several years. It then passed 
to David Sands, who mav be claimed as the founder of 
the more modern order of hat stores; in 1S30 he was 
selling "vSvmm's splendid satin beaver hats for five dol- 
lars, and a beautiful hat at four dollars." David M. H. 
Sands continued the business of his father for some 
years. While hat stores are now abundant, but one 
practical hatter remains. 

Shoemaking passed from Richard Rikcinan and Jos. 
Albcrtson, in the days af the Revolution, to Welch & 
Pierson (Henry Welch and Caleb Pierson) in 1798. 
Their shop is described as being "in the shop formcrlv 
occupied bv Phineas June, a tew doors from the New- 
burgh Coffee-house and nearly opposite B. Case's tav- 
ern,"' and was the first in which shoes were kept r<ir sale. 
Joseph Norman and James Currv commenced in 1803. 
The former made a specialty of ladies' shoes, which he 
supplied " bv the dozen at New York prices. " but the 
business of the place was so light that his shop was n«U 
kept open in the winter. vSaml. O. Gregory was in the 
business soon after, and Samuel McCartney, (ieorge 
Mecklem, Miles Warren, and Thomas Bartlett, were 



• It is not designed to embrace the names of all persons who ha%-e been en- 
gaged in mechanical or other husincvs; such a record woald be impovMblc. 



40 



CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



subsequently among the principal makers and dealers ; 
the latter gentlemen since 1832. 

The first tailor is said to have been a Mr. Cooper. He 
came from New York at the close of the war, and took 
up his residence in High street. The more modern 
order of tailors came in with Marsh & Ferris, about 
1798; their shop was " in the house occupied as a print- 
ing office." Daniel Niven, Jr., came next (1799), and 
located " in the shop of Mr. Edmond Griswold, block- 
maker, in Water street;" the shop of Caleb Merrit now 
occupies its site. James B. Reynolds, David Wright, 
Edmund Sanxay, Isaac Egbert, and Reuben S. Close, 
were in the business soon after the commencement of 
the century, and after trying it alone, united in partner- 
ship in 181 1, under the title of Reynolds, Wright & Co. 
They afterwards dissolved and went their several ways. 
Edmund Sanxa)^ subsequently (1832) established himself 
in the store now kept by his grandson, W. B. Sanxay, 
where he carried on tailoring and sold groceries and 
liquors. William Hoyle was in business in 1830, and 
was succeeded by his son, Mark C. Hoyle. William 
Sterling started as a dealer in second-hand clothing, and 
was the founder of the establishment of A. & R. Sterling. 
Ready-made clothing was brought in by Levi Hart in 
1832. 

Watches and clocks came in 1800, when George Gor- 
don, who subscribed himself " from Ireland," commenced 
watch making "in the house of Wallace & Moore, three 
doors south of the coffee-house." He subsequently re- 
moved to the south-west corner of Water and Second 
streets, where he remained for a quarter of a century. 
Ebenezer B. Ayres also commenced the business in 
1800, " in the house lately occupied by David Denniston." 
Joseph Reeve commenced in 1804, and after continuing 
for a short time took up the manufacture of whalebone 
whips in connection with it; he also sold military goods 
and groceries. His son, Chas. Reeve, was his successor ; 



HISTORICAL SKKTCH. .| I 

111- rcmoveil the- business to "his new store, 55 Water 
street, next door south ol Brown's harilwarr store." in 
183J. where he continueii until his death. Henry B- 
Myers (lather of the distinjj^uished chief of the Signal 
liureau at Washington,) was in business in 1S20; his 
shop was on the north-west corner of Watcrand .Second 
streets.* His successor was Benoni 11. Ilowell, and 
Nelson Hai^ht succeeded Mr. Howell. Tobias D. I-an- 
dcr was in trade here in 1826; in 1.S55 he occu|)ied part 
of what is now 74 Water street. 

I luj;jh Spier was the first cabinet-maker (1798) and also 
the first undertaker; he was in business in 1801, on the 
north-west corner of Smith and Second streets, "at the 
s\^n of the cradle and cotfin." William Scott and Thos. 
A. I'owell were next: the business ot the latter has come 
down to the present generation, and is now conducted 
bv his son. Joseph W. Powell. 

Henry W. Crissey was a " I'ancy and Windsor chair 
maker," in Second street, "two doors west of H«jftman 
& Roe's dru^ store," in 1809. His business was of 
course without comparison with that now conducted by 
D. N. Selleir. 

Selah Reeve started in business life in 1799 as a manu- 
facturer of earthen wares, on the east side of Smith 
street near South, and subsequently continued it. under 
the firm of Reeve «Sc Burlint^. for a quarter of a century. 
He established a crockery store in Water street in 1803; 
the latter business came down by regular succession to 
James E. Horton. 

John Patterson was the first tin-plate worker and cop- 
persmith in 1797. Phe copper-smithing branch of the 
trade was for many years a princi|)al item, as it embraced 
the manufacture and repair of the vessels and apparatus 
in use in distilleries in the district. l\-ll <^ Wood. David 
Phillips, and Phillips i\ Lomas were the next. 

• Col. Myer» lived on the oimer of ( irand and Secon<l streets where hi* vm 
was bom. The house gave place to I)ocl. Colbert's residence. 



42 



CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



Robert Ferguson commenced the stone-cutting busi- 
ness on Renwick's dock in 1798, and John Currie in 
in 1802 ; and furnished the grave-stones for their contem- 
poraries. Mr. Currie's place of business was on Second 
street, (south-west corner of Smith), opposite Hugh 
Spier's cabinet shop. Coffins could be had on one side 
of the street and grave-stones on the other. He after- 
wards moved to Gardner's dock. Thornton M. Niven 
and Peter Kay were in the same business in later years. 
Mr. Ferguson, by the way, did not rely entirely upon 
stone-cutting ; at his place he also kept a grocery, and 
sandwiched liquors, sugars, teas, etc., with his marbles. 
But such was the fashion of the times; the sale of 
liquors was then a part of almost all avocations, and 
their consumption was fashionable in all circles. 

The baking business, it is said, runs back to Mrs. 
DeGrove, in 1791, and that John and Joseph Hoffinan 
were her successors. However this may be, the fact is 
established by advertisement record that they opened a 
shop in Mrs. DeGrove's building in 1799, and announced 
that they had " commenced the baking business." Their 
precise location is now occupied by Hayt's store ; they 
sold nuts, fruits and confections in connection with cake 
and bread. In 1804 the partnership was dissolved, and 
Joseph started on his own account, announcing that he 
had " removed from the house owned by Mrs. DeGrove, 
where he formerly lived, to the corner of Water and 
Second streets, two doors south of John Brown's store," 
where the public could be "supplied with anything in 
the baking line." He added to his business (under the 
firm of Hoffman & Roe) drugs and medicines, but soon 
abandoned it, and remained a baker and grocer until his 
death. During the later years of his life his son-in-law, 
Paddock Chapman, was his associate. After Mr. Hoff- 
man's death, Mr. Chapman continued the business in 
company with his son, J. H. H. Chapman, who subse- 
quently became the successor of the firm of P. Chapman 



HISTORICAL SKKTCH. 43 

& Son. Mi. lirvain was the successor of John Hofl'man 
at his old stand. John Van Nort was the next baker. 

Peter Banncn had a shop tor the manuraclurc of soap 
and candles. " in the north part of Water street." in 1804 ; 
but it is s;iid that an earlier one was founded by Abel 
Fielknap near or on the corner of what is now Water 
and First streets. Mr. Belknap's successors, on his death 
in 1804, were his spns .\bel and Moses H., who continued 
the business until 1855. whei), on the death of the latter 
(his brother Abel having died the previinis year), the 
property passed to his heirs. It is now conducted by 
his jj^randson. Moses C. Belknap, in partnership with .Mr. 
McCann. Robert and John McCutcheon engaged in the 
business on Coldcn street, and James McConkey on 
Western .\veiuic. some years after the Belknaps. The 
business of the former descended t«) Hugh .McCutcheon. 
and that of Mr. McConkey was purchased by John Mc- 
Cutcheon and continued until his fleath. 

The manufacture of tobacco was commenced by Mat- 
thew DuBois in May. 1799. " in Smith street, next door 
south of .Mr. Brewster's tavern;"* and in July of the 
same year bv Jonathan Carter in Water street. " next 
door to the Hoffmans. " It has been claimed that he 
was there at an earlier period, but withinit warrant, as 
Davis & Hedges occupied the store before his time. .Mr. 
Carter's advertisement reads : 

Tobacco Manufactory. 

rONATHAN CARTF.R re-.pc<AfuIly inform* 
f J the public in general, that he hascommcn 
ccd the maniifacflory "f Tolwcco, in the (own 
of Ncwhurj;h, in the hciuvc formerly occupicfl 
by Ihivb. A: Hedges, and next di'Kjr to Ijoff. 
man's, where those gentlemen that please to 
favor him with their custom may lie assured 
of havmg the liest kmd and is cheap as in 
New York. Orders in that line will be thank 
fully received and pun<Aually attended to, l>y 
the public's humble servant. J. CARTKR. 

Ncwburgh. July 2. 1799. 



• The north end of Smith street was quite a businew place at this time. It 
had a tavern, a pottery, a tobacconist, and a wagon-wnght. 



44 



CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



Mr. Carter's business has had regular succession on 
the original site — William M. Wiley, Enoch Carter, 
Carter & McCann, Alexander McCann, and the present 
occupant, John W. McCuUough. 

John Cooper was the first brewer of ales. He com- 
menced the business in 1804, in "Water street near 
Lawson & Donnelly's tan-yard." James Dunlap was 
the next; he erected the malt-house on Liberty street, 
corner of Washington. James Law was the associate of 
Mr. Dunlap for some time prior to 18 16, and became his 
successor during that year. James Beveridge was Mr. 
Law's associate in 1822. John Beveridge and John 
Forsyth were added to the firm in 1825, under the firm- 
name of Law, Beveridge & Co. On the death of Mr. 
Law the business was continued by his surviving part- 
ners and E. Ward Farrington, under the title of J. Beve- 
ridge & Co. Robert A. Forsyth, Thomas Beveridge 
and Jonas Williams succeeded the old firm ; the business 
is now conducted by the two last named gentlemen. 
The malt-house at the foot of Clinton street was occupied 
by Ledyard & DuBois in 1822, and constituted one of 
the three breweries of that time. John Howard started 
a brewery in the old whaling store-house about i860. 
He made a small fortune during the war of the rebellion, 
and abandoned the trade and returned to Eng-land. 
Others have been in the business, but without success. 

James Ren wick erected a distillery on the dock to 
which he gave his name (now Bigler's), sometime about 
1790, and run it for several years. He laid out streets 
and founded a church from his profits. At Balmville 
the Butterworths subsequently had a distillery, and also 
made money by it. 

Benjamin Roe was the first saddle and harness maker ; 
he had his shop in the old Colden house at the head of 
the gore. William P. Dodge (1799) was the first who 
appeared by advertisement. Henry Tudor was his suc- 
cessor in 1802. Tudor claimed to be a descendant of the 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 43 



Tudors of England. By marryinj^ the daujjhlcr of Bcnj. 
Smith he obtained title to a considerable |jorti«jn ol the 
old villaj^t, l)iit nevertheless died poor. John I). Law son 
was the conteni[)orarv ol Dodj^e and Tudor; Robert 
Lawson, ( iSio), Benj. F. Buckingham. Lewis jemiings 
and John R. Wiltsie brought the trade down to the 
present generation. Mr. Wiltsie, it may be remarked, 
after a successful career in the trade, changed his voca- 
tion to that of banker and liroker. which business he 
now conducts in company with his son — the first and 
only establishment of the kind in the city. 

The first tanner was Phineas Howell; the first currier 
Peter Doimelly. The former had his shop on the north- 
west corner of Smith and Third streets. Prior to 1800 
Levi Dodge had a tannery in North- Water street. In 
1804 John D. Lawson and James Donnelly conducted (in 
partnershij)) the business ol tanners and curriers at the 
yard subsequently owned by David H. Barclay. The 
partnership was dissolved soon after, and .Mr. Donnelly 
established a new yard ; William NLithewson was his 
associate in 181 1, and James Wood in 1816. The latter 
sold to Jonathan Faulkner in t820; D(jnnellv \ Faulkner 
sold to vSamuel J. Farnuni and George Southwick about 
1829; Southwick sold his half to Lewis Jennings in 1832. 
Mr. Jennings subsequently purchased Mr. Farnum's in- 
terest, and at a later period had Mr. McKinstry for his 
associate. The old buildings were torn down and the 
yard permanently discontinued in 1876. The original 
Lawson «Sc Donnelly yard was purchased by Saml. G. 
Sneden and David H. Barclay in the spring of 1824, and 
continued as a morocco factory. .Mr. Sneden died in 
1836, and Mr. Barclay sold to James Dickey in 1870. 
Their predecessors in the trade were Enos Randol and 
Josiah Brackett, in [816. 

Very few of the ancient houses of Newburgh were 
painted ; that luxury could not be afforded by the inhab- 
itants generally, nor was it the fashion of the times. 



46 



CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



What painting was done was usually performed by car- 
penters, who also made the doors and sash and " set the 
glass." Painting and glazing, as a distinct branch of 
mechanical industry, was first conducted (1804) by Syl- 
vester Roe, who in 18 10, in company with Thos. Phillips, 
under the firm-name of Roe & Phillips, opened a store 
"on the corner of Second street, opposite to the ferry," 
where they carried on "the painting business in all its 
various branches," and kept for sale Rensselaer and 
Bristol Glass, and also oils and paints. Their old store 
is still standing on the corner, but is no longer " opposite 
to the ferry " in the sense that it was then. Phillips & 
Seymour were their successors in 18 16, and subsequently 
John D. Phillips; the shop of the latter was back on the 
river bank immediately adjoining the United States 
hotel, where it stood until about 1840, when it was 
eclipsed by the log cabin which was erected by the whig 
party. Phillips & Farrington were the successors, in 
1 8 16, of Thomas Allen, who commenced business some 
years previously. Farrington & Lander (Daniel Farring- 
ton and Benjamin Lander) were their successors and the 
contemporaries of John D. Phillips ; their store and shop 
in 1830 was on the site of the present No, 10 Water 
street. Daniel Farrington continued the business after 
the death of Mr. Lander in 1839, ^"^ Ezra and Daniel 
Farrington, Jr., after the death of their father until 1875. 
Around these pioneer shops others sprang up, of which 
that of James S. Young was the first. George Clark 
was associated with him in 1841, under the title of Young 
& Clark. Mr. Clark withdrew and went to New York, 
and Mr. Young was succeeded by Orange Webster. 
Adam Lilburn, who learned the trade with J. D. Phillips, 
was contemporary with Young & Clark. He sold to 
E. T. Comstock, who subsequently had Levi L. Living- 
ston for his associate. Meanwhile C. M. Leonard and 
Ed. Post started a shop adjoining Comstock & Living- 
ston, on Front street. Peter Ward bought Mr. Post's 



HISTORICAL SKKTCH. 47 

interest in i860, and established the hrm <if Ward & 
Leonard, now Ward & Lopan. 

William Bloomer, at Balniville, was perhaps the hrst 
wagon-wri^lit ; but the more modern order came in with 
Samuel Downing, whose shop was in Liberty street (old 
town). He sold to Jennings & Arcularius in 1810, and 
devoted his attention entirely to the nursery business, 
which he had previously established. Lewis DuBois 
commenced in 1824. James W. Powell, Benj. B. Gard- 
ner, and Selah T. McCollum were of later periotls, and 
were succeeded by Atkinson & UeGrofl. Lewis J. Baz- 
zoni, representing the advanced processes of production, 
entered the business in 1850, in association with J. De- 
Forest and A. W. La Tour, whose separate branches he 
purchasetl in 1S56. Since that time his payments for 
labor have reached $17,000 per ammm. 

The manufacture of iron and brass, which of late years 
has constituted an important element in the mechanical 
industries of the city, had its beginning about the year 
1821, when Mr. Henry B. Carpenter erected a building 
for foundry purposes in Front street, south of the United 
States hotel, and entitled his concern " The Newburgh 
Iron and Brass Foundry." In 1832 he removed from 
this building to one which he erected on the north-east 
corner of Western Avenue and Grand street, and which 
now constitutes the southern portion of the establish- 
ment of Whitehill, Smith & Co. After being here a 
short time Mr. Carpenter died, and the pnjperty passed 
to John W. Wells, one of his heirs. The business was 
continued by Mr. Wells until 1834, when John H. Cor- 
win became associated in its management. The firm 
remained for four years under the title of Wells c'v 
Corwin, when Mr. Wells withdrew. Mr. Corwin con- 
tinued the business with different associates — Mr. I lalsey. 
Mr. A. R. Wood and others — until 1H64. when his sons, 
Isaac and Edward, in association with Saml. Stanton, 
under the title of Corwin, Stanton t^ Co., purchased it. 



48 



CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



Whitehill, Smith & Co. are now the proprietors. The 
first steam boiler-works were by Alex. Cauldwell. 

In 1843, Stanton, Clark & Co. (Isaac Stanton, E. H. 
Clark, Nicholas Wilson and James Robinson), erected a 
foundry and machine shop of brick, 30x80 feet, at the 
foot of South street on Front, to which the title of 
"Highland Furnace" was given. Saml. G. Kimball 
bought an interest in the works in 1846. The business 
was continued by the firm for eight years, when, on the 
expiration of the lease to them (April i, 185 1), from J- 
Beveridge & Co., the latter firm leased the property 
to Samuel A. Walsh & Co. Mr. Walsh sold to George 
A. EUiott, who sold to Homer Ramsdell, by whom the 
business was transferred to the Washington Iron-works. 
In 1862, James H. Mallory and Isaac Stanton leased the 
property, but continued business for only a year or two. 
The works were quite extensive at one time ; they are 
now occupied for the manufacture of paints. 

Wright, Mallory & Smith established in 1852, on the 
corner of Water and Washington street, the " Washing- 
ton Iron-works." Their successors were Mallory, Raines 
& Co., until i860, when the property passed into the 
hands of an incorporated company — Homer Ramsdell, 
president; George M. Clapp, secretary and treasurer. 
The property of the company, in 1865, covered an area 
of about twenty acres with nearly twelve hundred feet 
of water-front, and included the manufacture of engines, 
boilers, car-wheels, etc. An approximate idea of the 
extent of its business may be obtained from the fact that 
its pay-roll reached $60,000 a month, or $700,000 a 3^ear. 
A company of which Mr. Clapp was president, suc- 
ceeded the one which was organized in i860, and occu- 
pied the property (in part) under lease from Mr. Rams- 
dell; the boiler shop was leased by Alex, Cauldwell. 
This company failed, and the property was sold to the 
Messrs. Carson, who soon returned it to Mr. Ramsdell. 
The boiler shop was burned in 1871, and also the build- 



MISTOklCAI. SKKTCII. 49 



injj adjoining on the north, which had been leased to Mr. 
J. Severance for the manufacture of paper-niakinj^ nia- 
( liiiKTv. The foundrv and machine sfjop were leased to 
Win. Wrii^'ht i\ Co.. in 1870. 

.\ snialler l)ut more pecuniarily successful foundry than 
am of its coiitiiiiporaries. was established bv Clark \ 
Kimball, on Washinj^toii street in 1S51, the hrm beinj^ 
composed of E. H. Clark and Sam'l G. Kimball of the 
ori^^inal Hitjhland I^'urnace. Mr. Clark withdrew in 
1S74, leavinj^ his associate sole proprietor. The Spier 
i"^ Wilson foundrv has been in existence for many years 
on Western Avenue. Its business has been confined to 
stove and other li^ht castinjj^s. 

Brush making was first conducted bv Daniel Berrian, 
but the date is not of record. Richarcl P. Phillips (1831) 
was the next; he manufactured "brushes of every de- 
scription" and had them for sale; his establishment was 
called the *' Newburi^h Brush Manufactory." Donald 
Mcintosh entered into the business on Colden street in 
1842, and remained a few vears. S. H. Tift came from 
Waterford in 1846, and in 1849 took Wm. McCord (who 
had learned the trade with Mcintosh) in partnership 
with him. James and Wm. McCord were the successors 
of this firm in 1852. and after continuing thirteen years 
in F*"ront stiect. built theii j>resent factorv on Lanrler 
street. 

The business of manufacturing fancy and family soaps 
was introfluced in 1852. bv llenrv B. Ames, who occu- 
pied a small basement in I'r<»nt street and made half a 
million pounds annuallv. In 1853. Mr. Jesse ( ).ikley 
became associated with him. and the concern was re- 
moved to Ann stieet. It was s(K)n found necess;iry to 
use more room, and the tirin purchased a site on Wash- 
ington street and erei ticl what now constitutes a part 
of the main building. Mr. Oakley became sole proprie- 
tor in 1855; but more recently has had for his associates 
John A. and R. B. Oaklev. 



so 



CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



The manufacture of cotton goods was introduced in 
the early part of the year 1844, when a stock company 
was formed for the purpose of erecting buildings and 
procuring machinery. The corporation was formally 
organized on the 5th of June — Hiram Bennett, president ; 
Homer Ramsdell, vice president; Daniel Farrington, 
treasurer, and Uriah Lockwood, secretary. The works 
(the Newburgh Steam Mills) were completed and the 
manufacture of cotton commenced in 1845. The estab- 
lishment, in 1859, ^^^^ running 17,000 spindles, pro- 
ducing uo,ooo yards of muslin weekly. The average 
since that time has been materially increased. A ma- 
jority of the stock is now held by Thomas Garner. 

While so much that relates to the mechanical indus- 
tries of the city has been preserved, the names of the 
carpenters and masons who built its ancient houses, and 
stores,. and churches, have very imperfect record. The 
more modern carpenters were John Forsyth, Oscar 
Marsh, William Marsh, and Thomas Shaw, prior to 1824. 
Sylvanus Loud, Aaron Dezendorf, William Hilton, and 
Andrew Little, represent later periods. Henry Veltman 
and Nathl. Gerard were the masons of 1824; the latter 
had succession in his son, Franklin Gerard, who was as- 
sociated with Samuel Halsey in 1835, ^i^d remained in 
the trade until 1875. John Little and John Hilton date 
from about 1835. The business of which Thomas Shaw 
was the founder in 1824, and which has been conducted 
in association with his sons, George W. and Charles B. 
Shaw, since 1850, was established in a small shop on 
Carpenter's dock. At a later period the red store-house 
was taken, and was removed with that building to a site 
on South-Water street, north of the iron-works. The 
building was burned in the fire of December, 1865, fol- 
lowing which the structure now occupied by the firm 
was erected. The manufacture of sash, doors, mold- 
ings, church furniture, etc., and also ship-joinery, have 
been added to the original business. 



HISTORICAL SKKTCM. 5 I 



Ship building was one of the earliest pursuits carried 
on to any considerable extent. Georjje Gardner had a 
ship-vard just north of First street, and built there the 
three sloo[)s which he sailed. Jason Roj^ers was a ship- 
builder as well as a store-keeper; his vard was between 
Fourth and Fifth streets. William Sevniour afterwarrls 
owned the yard and built a ship there called the Robert 
Burns, and also other vessels. Richard Hill had a ship- 
yard where the Jarvis building now stands. As nu-rcan- 
tile business increased the yards were crowded out ar)d 
only one remained, situated near the foot of \Vashinj:jton 
street. The next site selected was on the Ren wick dock, 
at the foot of Sinith-William street, where Aaron Norris 
carried on the business for several years and g^ave the 
name of" the ship-yard" to the locality. Walter Burlinj^, 
Daniel Bailey, William Holmes, and Samuel Wright, 
were among the earliest ship-carpenters. Mr. Wright 
was the father of the late William ii. Wright of the court 
of a[)peals. 

Robert Bovd was the first gunsmith in this section of 
country; he started his shop in 1775, just south of Quas- 
saick creek, and made guns for the army of the Revo- 
lution. In later years John Dotzert, Alexander AWight 
and Robert Sterling were in the business. The Dotzert 
shop is continued by the Sf)ns of its founder. As gun- 
powder goes with guns, it may be added that Asa Tay- 
lor was the founder of the works subsequently develop- 
ed by Daniel Rogers. 

DOCTORS AND LAWYERS. 

Professional men were not abundant, in the early days of 
the city's history. Ministers of the Gospel were, in most 
cases, the physicians of their parishes. Rev. Hezekiah 
Watkins (1747) and Rev. John Sayer (1769) were of this 
class. The latter is said to have been a skillful physician 
and an ardent king's man. and having been arrested for 
the latter, saved himself from imprisonment by the for- 



52 -CITY OF NEWBURGH. 

mer. The regular physicians of 1776 were Isaac Brown, 
Robert Mon-ison, and Moses Higby. The latter was a 
decided character, and served the people long and faith- 
fully. It was he that administered the emetic to Daniel 
Taylor, the so-called spy, and thus obtained the silver 
bullet which he had swallowed. It was a mean thing to 
do, as from the contents of the bullet Taylor lost his life 
from the limb of an apple tree, in defiance of all the arti- 
cles of war. Jonathan and Phineas Hedges and Elias 
Winfield were somewhat prominent as early as 1795; 
Baltus L. Van Kleck came in about the commencement 
of the present century, and Doct. Gidney soon after. 
The latter built the Quassaick Bank building and lived 
there. He had the first grate and anthracite coal fire 
that was lighted in Newburgh, and it is said the first 
piano. Chichester Brown, James M. Gardiner, and Isaac 
Garrison were physicians of a later school and leaders 
in the profession ; they had contemporaries of course, 
and successors — of the latter many may be wiser men. 

Lawyers were a luxury and not a drug in the market 
in olden times. If the early villagers wanted law, they 
went to Vincent Matthews or George Clinton in New 
Windsor. The first located lawyer was Phineas Bow- 
man, a Massachusetts Yankee, who served faithfully in 
the army of the Revolution and after the peace remained 
here. Thomas Cooper, Solomon Sleight, and Jonathan 
Fisk were his contemporaries, the latter his especial com- 
petitor. Both held representative positions, the former 
in the legislature and the latter in congress. Benj. 
Smith, Jr., Jonas Story, Charles Baker, Benj. Anderson, 
William Ross, Walter Case, Jonathan Cooley, Samuel 
R. Betts, Aaron Belknap, David W. Bate, Samuel W. 
Eager, Peter F. Hunn, Thomas McKissock, John W. 
Brown, Theodore Fisk, B. H. Mace, James G. Clinton, 
Wm. C. Hasbrouck, A. C. MuUiner, John J. Monell, and 
Nathan Reeve came in succession from 1793 to 1840. 
The public recollection of many of them is yet green, 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. $3 



while that ot others has gone down with the generations 
in which they lived, or is preserved only thnnij^h the 
medium of some contused traditionary story of their 
methods of practice at the bar. their prowess in the field 
of politics, or their wit in s«>( iai circle>. With the ex- 
ception of Walter Case and John W. Brown, none of 
them are now re|)resented in the profession hv their 
descendants. 

I'RINTING. 

The rtrst newspaper was (as already stated) the AVit'- 
hurf^li Packet; it was jirinted by Lucius Carey, in 1795. 
David Dennist«>n purchased it and changed its name to 
The Mirror. I'hilip \'an Horne was its printer in 1797. 
and Joseph W. Barber, in 1799. ^^^" f^l^hts of Man 
was started in the fall of 1799. by Dr. Elias Winheld. for 
whom it was printcti by Benoni \\. Howell. Dennis 
C(»les, Robert Ilinchman and Thomas Wilson continued 
it until 180$. The Mirror was purchased by Dennis 
Coles and its name chanji^ed to the Recorder of the Times 
in 1803. Ward M. Gazlav |)urchased in 1806, and 
chanj:,'ed the title to the Political Index; Chas. U. Cush- 
man purchased in 1829. and chanjjed the title to the 
Xe'cburi^h Telegraph. The Orant^e County Patriot and 
Spirit of Seventy-six was printed by Lewis iS: Crowell in 
181 1, but did not last lonjj^. The Ncwburgh Gazette was 
established by John D. S|)al(liiii; in 1822; was continued 
by I'armenter «S; .Si)al(lin<;. John W. Knevels and others 
until 1861, when it was merged in the Telet^aph. The 
Xru'huri^h Journal \\:\s founded by Mr. .Sj)aldini; in 1833 
or '34. The hrst daily newspaper- the Daily Xrws ~ was 
printed by E. W. Gray of the Gazette, in the fall of 1856: 
it took the name of the Xcwlnirgh Daily Tele seraph in 
i86r. The Nnvhurgh Daily Journal was founded by C. 
B. Martin in 1863. There have been other papers for 
short periods. The first steam printing press was intro- 
duced in the office f>f the Telegraph in 1853. The loca- 



54 CITY OF NEWBURGH. 

tion of the first printing office has been given. Editor 
David Denniston was an infidel, and devoted no small 
share of his time to the consideration of the then prev- 
alent anti-religious theories of Paine. Ward M. Gazlay 
came to Newburgh from Goshen, and was one of the 
early Justices of the Peace. Jonathan Fisk was the 
writer of the leading articles in his paper. Benjamin 
F. Lewis, of the firm of Lewis & Crowell, was also the 
first regular bookseller and binder. 

SCHOOLS. 

The first school-master was Hezekiah Watkins, the 
parish minister in 1747, who opened the Glebe School 
under the Golden and Albertson charter of 1752. 
During the Revolution, John Nathan Hutchins was the 
school-teacher. He was a man of no little ability, and 
made the calculations for and was the founder of Hutch- 
ins' Family Almanac. The Academy was built in 1795- 
'6, by the trustees of the Glebe and was under their su- 
pervision until 1804, when a board of trustees was ap- 
pointed by general election to take charge of it. It 
became a part of the free school system in 1852. The 
'* High School," as it was called for many years, was 
incorporated in 1829, and constituted the common school 
for district No. 13. The Glebe school was continued 
from the date of its institution to that of the adoption of 
the free school system. 

Private schools were among the incomings of the 
present century. Cliosophic Hall was the first of any 
note. Rev. Jonathan Freeman and Silvenus Haight 
were its proprietors ; its place was subsequently the 
residence of Samuel Williams on Montgomery street, 
and the date of its opening 1801. Its advertisement 
(1802) is a reflex of Jonathan Freeman's positiveness : 

"In this Seminary shall be taught for one dollar and fifty cents a quarter, 
Spelling and Reading; 

For two dollars a quarter, Reading, Writing and Arithmetic; 

For two dollars and fifty cents, English, Grammar and Geography. 

For four dollars a quarter, Classics and Sciences." 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 55 

Miss Hcffcrnan was the successor of Mr. Friernan in 
1804. I Icrfstahlisliincnt would seem to have bct-u under 
the guardianship of the trustees of the Acadenn ; at all 
events their names were a|)pended to her advertisement. 
The following were the prices of instruction : 

" I'lairx'>cwinjj, .inil the fin>l principlc» of the Knglish language, taught fur 
three ilollars a quarter. 

"The tine brant hci of needle work, reading, writing, arithmrii- I ....'. .k 
grammar, orthography, pronunciation, com|x»ilion, hettet Ultra, . 
and the tirst elements of xstronomy, drawing and painting, for iw 
quarter. 

" Hoarding provided at one and a half dollars per week the hoarden find- 
ing their own nedding and washing. 

So it seems they tried to make usclul as well as accom- 
plished ladies at the schools. John Gault had somethinjij 
of a private school in the Academv in 1802; he tauj^ht 
the English branches to "young ladies and gentlemen," 
and "declined the idea of teaching Latin or Cxreek." as 
there was a " Grammar School established in the .Acade- 
my." Robert Gardiner, in 1804, opened a school in part 
of his coffee-house — the low'er part having been rented 
to R. Havman — where for a time he received females 
only, for the reason among others that "modestv in 
many young women is a common preventative of going 
to school amongst boys;" but he learned better by ex- 
perience and mixed his pupils. The more modern pri- 
vate schools were those of Mr. .\lzamora and .Mr. I'hin- 
ney, and the female". school by the Misses Phillips on the 
corner now the site of the Savings Bank. 

The public schools of the citv are now maintained in 
edifices of modern construction and under modern rules 
ol instruction, embracing very ex|)ensive structures. verN 
limited school hours, and verv lengthv vac ations. Still 
it is wKit is now regarded as a splendid system and 
under the broadest rule of liberalitv. Not Ie«»s than a 
quarter of a million f)f dollars is invested in buildings 
and furniture, and the annual expenditure reaches about 
$65,000 in a population not over five thousand more 
numerous than when the annual expense did not exceed 



56 CITY OF NEWBURGH. 

$10,000. This fact bears its own testimony to progress 
and attests the Hberahty of the public, 

CONCLUSION. 

From the data which has been given it requires but 
httle effort to repeople the cit}- with its ancient merchants, 
mechanics and professional men, and renew their ac- 
quaintance. Take the block from Third to Fourth street, 
and we may start with Howell's tavern ; then came 
Phineas June's ; then Wallace & Moore's store ; then 
Ebenezer B. Ayres' watch and clock store, and John D. 
Lawson's saddlery, and finally Robert Gardiner's coffee- 
house and store. From Third to Second were John 
McAuley's store ; Denniston & Abercrombie, Alexander 
Falls, John Brown, Joseph Hoffman, and Hoffman & 
Roe. Th€ recapitulation, however, must be left to the 
reader. We have simply passed over the field in com- 
piling our Centennial Directory, and trust that the facts 
which have been gathered by the way will not prove 
unacceptable.* 

* For more complete details and many matters which are necessarily omitted, 
reference may be made to the History of Newburgh now in course of revised 
publication. 




>:. ci -CI 
w C d 















^c^ 









Cf'cC^: 



ci;ci ^---c ^ ^^"^ ^ 

7 C_«C1„'-- 






c <:: 






cl cz ^a^<:z<^'^ 












c c: 
: c_ c_ 

:&& ^ 

c c: «c 
c c: <s- 

re c < 

-^ c a 

Tcci cc: ,- 

5t ".■<<: .^ ■ 



r-f.^-;. .sec 






*: <C 



^f 



^■- 












cc < 


^- 


< < * 
> < * 

" c< 

•"«. c • 
• . r « 


1 



^ *■ -9^- ^K. 


c < 


' * *" -^^ ^^K 


^ r < 


< < ^t ^^r^ 


< < < 


< ^ ^^ ^C^ 


< c ^ ^^ 


<^C C 


*<*< <■ ^S 




**< c ^^ ^^E 


►<< < 


"" * ^ ^^^ ^^s 


•5< < 


TTy <. ^t^ ^^ 


t$< < 


PTt c «^^. ^1 


Cs< <^ 


K^'' ' ^t^ ^ 


Cr * *- 


^^^^ c ^^^ ^ 


K< < < 






^s- 






